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Seperti apa kira-kira bentuk explanation text? Apakah mirip dengan teks eksplanasi dalam bahasa Indonesia? Yuk simak penjelasan teks eksplanasi bahasa Inggris di artikel berikut ini!

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Guys, pernah nggak sih kamu mencari tahu kenapa sesuatu bisa terjadi? Misalnya, kenapa gunung berapi bisa meletus, alasan terjadinya banjir, atau proses terjadinya transmigrasi. Tiap hal yang terjadi pasti ada alasan dan proses terjadinya. Nah, ada satu teks yang menjelaskan tentang mengapa dan bagaimana suatu hal bisa terjadi, yaitu explanation text.

Explanation text, atau dalam bahasa Indonesia disebut dengan teks eksplanasi, masih sering disamakan dengan procedure text, loh! Jadi, apa sih perbedaan antara keduanya? Lalu, seperti apa struktur dan ciri kebahasaan dari explanation text? Yuk, kita bahas!

Definition of Explanation Text

Explanation is a text which tells processes relating to forming of natural, social, scientific and cultural phenomena. Explanation text is to say ‘why’ and ‘how’ of the forming of the phenomena. It is often found in science, geography and history text books.

Generic Structure of Explanation Text

# General statement; stating the phenomenon issues which are to be explained.
# Sequenced explanation; stating a series of steps which explain the phenomena.

Purpose of Explanation Text

– To tells processes relating to forming of natural, social, scientific, and cultural phenomena.
– To explain how or why something happens.

The Characteristics / Language Feature of Explanation Text

– Featuring generic participant; sun, rain, etc
– Using chronological connection; to begin with, next, etc
– Using passive voice pattern
– Using simple present tense

Example of Explanation Text

Example of Explanation Text about Weather

Rain is the primary source of fresh water for most areas of the world, providing suitable conditions for diverse ecosystems, as well as water for hydroelectric power plants and crop irrigation.

The phenomenon of rain is actually a water circle. The concept of the water cycle involves the sun heating the Earth’s surface water and causing the surface water to evaporate. The water vapor rises into the Earth’s atmosphere. The water in the atmosphere cools and condenses into liquid droplets. The droplets grow until they are heavy and fall to the earth as precipitation which can be in the form of rain or snow.

However, not all rain reaches the surface. Some evaporates while falling through dry air. This is called virga, a phenomenon which is often seen in hot, dry desert regions.

Example of Explanation Text about Weather

Why Summer Daylight is Longer than Winter Daylight

In the summer, the amount of daylight that we get is more than we get in winter. This is not because as much people think we are closer to the sun but because of the tilt of the earth.

The earth is actually closer to the sun in winter than it is in summer but you would be forgiven for thinking that this can not be true after looking out of your window on a cold and frosty morning.

It seems strange that as the earth get closer to the sun during its orbit then the amount of daylight that we get decrease. But that is the case. It is the tilt of the earth that determine the amount of daylight that we get and so the length of time that for us the sun is above the horizon.
(Taken from: www.ictteachers.co.uk)

Terjemahan

Mengapa Summer Daylight Lebih Lama dari Musim Dingin?

Di musim panas, jumlah siang hari yang kita dapatkan lebih dari yang kita dapatkan di musim dingin. Ini bukan karena banyak orang mengira kita lebih dekat dengan matahari tapi karena kemiringan bumi.
Bumi sebenarnya lebih dekat ke matahari di musim dingin daripada di musim panas tapi Anda akan dimaafkan karena berpikir bahwa ini tidak mungkin benar setelah melihat keluar dari jendela Anda pada pagi yang dingin dan sejuk.

Kelihatannya aneh bahwa saat bumi semakin dekat dengan matahari selama orbitnya maka jumlah siang hari semakin berkurang. Tapi begitulah yang terjadi. Ini adalah kemiringan bumi yang menentukan jumlah siang hari yang kita dapatkan dan lamanya waktu yang bagi kita matahari berada di atas cakrawala.
(Diambil dari: www.ictteachers.co.uk)

Generic Structure Analysis
1. General statement: Stating the phenomenon that is the daylight in summer is longer than in winter.
2. Explanation: It is the tilt of the earth that determines the amount of daylight not the distance of the earth from the sun.

Language Feature Analysis on Explanation Text
* Focusing generic participant: daylight.
* Using chronological connection: then, so, but.
* Using passive voice: you would be forgiven.
* Using present tense: the earth is actually closer to the sun.

Example of Explanation Text – How Does A Fan Work

How Does A Fan Work

The Fan is an electronic device that everybody use it in their house. People use the fan to make the air in the room cooler, especially in hot day. However, do you know how a fan works?

An electric fan has an electric motor with some fan blades attached to its rotating shaft. As the motor spins, the fan blades rotate. Each blade is angled a bit, and as the inclined plane of the blade moves through the air, it forces the air ahead of it forward. Each blade does this on a continuous basis, and the result is a moving air stream. The fan is taking air from the area behind itself and blowing it out the front.

The fan generates a movement of air, causing the warm dense air to descend, and the cool dense air to rise, thus creating a feeling of coolness in the air.

Terjemahan

Bagaimana Kipas Angin Bekerja

Kipas angin adalah sebuah perangkat elektronik yang orang gunakan di rumah mereka. Orang menggunakan kipas angin untuk membuat udara di dalam ruangan menjadi dingin, khususnya di hari yang panas. Namun, apakah anda tahu bagaimana kipas angin bekerja?

Kipas angin listrik memiliki sebuah motor listrik dengan beberapa bilah kipas yang melekat pada poros yang berputar. Ketika poros tersebut berputar, bilah kipas juga akan berputar. Setiap kipas dimiringkan sedikit, dan karena bidang miring pada kipas tersebut bergerak melalui udara, kipas tersebut memaksa udara keluar dari depan. Setiap kipas melakukan hal tersebut secara terus menerus, dan hasilnya adalah aliran udara yang bergerak. Kipas tersebut mengambil udara dari wilayah dibelakangnya dan meniupnya keluar di depan.

Kipas menghasilkan gerakan di udara, menyebabkan ketebalan udara panas menurun dan ketebalan udara dingin meningkat, sehingga menyebabkan kesejukan di udara.

Baca juga : Review Text : Definition, Purposes, Generic Structures, Language Features

Demikianlah Penjelasan dari British Course tentang Explanation Text. Semoga dengan membaca penjelasan dari kami di atas dapat menambah pemahaman tentang materi ini. Oke cukup sekian, dan trimakasih atas kunjungannya. Jika ada pertanyaan atau komentar mengenai materi ini silahkan tinggalkan komentar..

Reference :
Rudi Hartono, Genre of Texts, (Semarang: English Department Faculty of Language and Art Semarang State University, 2005).
Text Genre, Grammar: Technologies for Teaching and Assessing Writing, Peter Knapp & Megan Watkins, New South Wales Press, Ltd : Australia
Mark Andersons and Kathy Andersons, Text Type in English 1-2, Australia: MacMillanEducation, 2003.

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